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Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 Microsoft Source model / February 4, 2008 ( February 4, 2008) February 27, 2008 ( February 27, 2008) 6.0 (Build 6002: Service Pack 2) / July 22, 2009; 8 years ago ( 2009-07-22) Update method,, Platforms,, type Preceded by (2005) Succeeded by (2009) Official website Support status Mainstream support ended on 13 January 2015. Extended support ends on 14 January 2020. Articles in the series • • • Windows Server 2008 (sometimes abbreviated as ' Win2K8' ' WinServer2K8' ' Windows 2008' or ' W2K8') is one of ' line of. On February 4, 2008, and officially released on February 27, 2008, it is the successor to, released nearly five years earlier. A second release, named, was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • History [ ] Originally known as Windows Server Codename 'Longhorn', chairman announced its official title (Windows Server 2008) during his keynote address at 16 May 2007.

Beta 1 was released on 27 July 2005, Beta 2 was announced and released on 23 May 2006 at 2006 and Beta 3 was released publicly on 25 April 2007. Release Candidate 0 was released to the general public on 24 September 2007 and Release Candidate 1 was released to the general public on 5 December 2007. Windows Server 2008 was released to manufacturing on 4 February 2008 and officially launched on 27 February 2008. Features [ ]. See also: Windows Server 2008 is built from the same code base as; therefore, it shares much of the same architecture and functionality. Since the code base is common, it automatically comes with most of the,, such as the rewritten (native, native wireless, speed and security improvements); improved installation, deployment and recovery; improved diagnostics, monitoring, event logging and reporting tools; such as and (address space layout randomization); improved with secure default configuration; technologies, specifically, and; and the core kernel, memory and file system improvements. Processors and memory devices are modeled as devices, to allow of these devices.

This allows the system resources to be partitioned dynamically using Dynamic Hardware Partitioning; each partition has its own memory, processor and I/O host bridge devices independent of other partitions. Server Core [ ]. Default for Server Core. Because is removed from Server Core, programs such as use the -style file dialog. Otome Function Full Game Download. Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called. Server Core is a significantly scaled-back installation where no shell is installed.

All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using. However, Notepad and some control panel applets, such as Regional Settings, are available. Server Core does not include the,, or many other features not related to core server features. A Server Core machine can be configured for several basic roles: /Active Directory Domain Services, ADLDS (),,,,,, web server and virtual server.

Server Core can also be used to create a with using. Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core. Active Directory roles [ ] roles are expanded with, certificate, and services. Active Directory, until Windows Server 2003, allowed network administrators to centrally manage connected computers, to set policies for groups of users, and to centrally deploy new applications to multiple computers. This role of Active Directory is being renamed as Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS). A number of other additional services are being introduced, including (ADFS), Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS), (formerly, or ADAM), Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS), and (ADRMS).

Identity and certificate services allow administrators to manage user accounts and the that allow them to access certain services and systems. Federation management services enable enterprises to share credentials with trusted partners and customers, allowing a consultant to use his company user name and password to log in on a client's network. Identity Integration Feature Pack is included as Active Directory Metadirectory Services. Each of these services represents a server role. Failover Clustering [ ]. Main article: Windows Server 2008 offers high availability to services and applications through. Most server features and roles can be kept running with little to no downtime.

In Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2, the way clusters are qualified changed significantly with the introduction of the cluster validation wizard. The cluster validation wizard is a feature that is integrated into failover clustering in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2. With the cluster validation wizard, an administrator can run a set of focused tests on a collection of servers that are intended to use as nodes in a cluster. This cluster validation process tests the underlying hardware and software directly, and individually, to obtain an accurate assessment of how well failover clustering can be supported on a given configuration. This feature is only available in Enterprise and Datacenter editions of Windows Server.

Self-healing NTFS [ ] In Windows versions prior to Windows Vista, if the operating system detected corruption in the of an volume, it marked the volume 'dirty'; to correct errors on the volume, it had to be taken offline. With self-healing NTFS, an NTFS worker thread is spawned in the background which performs a localized fix-up of damaged data structures, with only the corrupted files/folders remaining unavailable without locking out the entire volume and needing the server to be taken down.

The operating system now features detection techniques to help determine when a hard disk may fail. Main article: Hyper-V is -based software, forming a core part of Microsoft's virtualization strategy.

It virtualizes servers on an operating system's layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical server into multiple small computational partitions. Hyper-V includes the ability to act as a virtualization hypervisor host allowing Xen-enabled guest operating systems to run virtualized.

A beta version of Hyper-V shipped with certain editions of Windows Server 2008, prior to Microsoft's release of the final version of Hyper-V on 26 June 2008 as a free download. Also, a standalone version of Hyper-V exists; this version supports only x86-64 architecture. While the IA-32 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run or install Hyper-V, they can run the snap-in for managing Hyper-V. Windows System Resource Manager [ ]. Main article: Windows System Resource Manager (WSRM) is integrated into Windows Server 2008. It provides resource management and can be used to control the amount of resources a or a user can use based on business priorities. Process Matching Criteria, which is defined by the name, type or owner of the process, enforces restrictions on the resource usage by a process that matches the criteria.

CPU time, bandwidth that it can use, number of processors it can be run on, and allocated to a process can be restricted. Restrictions can be set to be imposed only on certain dates as well. Server Manager [ ] Server Manager is a new roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008. It is a combination of Manage Your Server and Security Configuration Wizard SCW from Windows Server 2003.

Server Manager is an improvement of the Configure my server dialog that launches by default on Windows Server 2003 machines. However, rather than serve only as a starting point to configuring new roles, Server Manager gathers together all of the operations users would want to conduct on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc., and provides a consolidated, portal-like view about the status of each role. Other features [ ] Other new or enhanced features include: Core OS improvements [ ] • Fully multi-componentized operating system. • Improved, a feature that allows non-kernel patches to occur without the need for a reboot. • Support for being booted from (EFI)-compliant firmware on systems. • Dynamic Hardware Partitioning • Support for the hot-addition or replacement of processors and memory, on capable hardware. Active Directory improvements [ ] • Read-only (RODCs) in Active Directory, intended for use in branch office or other scenarios where a domain controller may reside in a low physical security environment.

The RODC holds a non-writeable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a Full. It replicates all accounts except sensitive ones. [ ] [ ] In RODC mode, credentials are not cached by default. Moreover, only the replication partner of the RODC needs to run Windows Server 2008. [ ] Also, local administrators can log on to the machine to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights on the domain. [ ] • Restartable allows ADDS to be stopped and restarted from the Management Console or the command-line without rebooting the domain controller.

This reduces downtime for offline operations and reduces overall DC servicing requirements with Server Core. ADDS is implemented as a Domain Controller Service in Windows Server 2008.

Policy related improvements [ ] • All of the from Windows Vista are included. Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is built-in. The Group Policy objects are indexed for search and can be commented on.

• Policy-based networking with, improved branch management and enhanced end user collaboration. Policies can be created to ensure greater for certain applications or services that require prioritization of network bandwidth between client and server. • Granular password settings within a single domain - ability to implement different password policies for administrative accounts on a 'group' and 'user' basis, instead of a single set of password settings to the whole domain. Disk management and file storage improvements [ ] • The ability to resize hard disk partitions without stopping the server, even the system partition. This applies only to simple and spanned volumes, not to striped volumes. • based block-level backup which supports optical media, network shares and.

• enhancements - SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-only Folder Replication Member. There is also support for domain-based DFS namespaces that exceed the previous size recommendation of 5,000 folders with targets in a namespace. • Several improvements to (). • Internet Storage Naming Server () enables central registration, deregistration and queries for hard drives. Protocol and cryptography improvements [ ] • Support for 128- and 256-bit encryption for the protocol. • New (CNG) API which supports and improved certificate management. •, a new Microsoft protocol.

•, a Microsoft proprietary extension of the used in networks. • protocol in the new TCP/IP stack provides a number of communication enhancements, including greater performance when connecting to over high-latency links and better security through the use of and message signing. Miscellaneous improvements [ ] • replacing Automated Deployment Services Windows Server 2008 home entertainment and. Windows Deployment Services (WDS) support an enhanced multicast feature when deploying operating system images. • - Increased security, deployment, improved diagnostic tools,. •, a variant of 2005, which serves as a common storage back-end for several other components such as, and. It is not intended to be used by third-party applications.

• An optional 'Desktop Experience' component provides the same user interface as Windows Vista, both for local users, as well as remote users connecting through Remote Desktop. Removed features [ ]. See also: • The (OSPF) component in was removed.

• Services for, which provided file and print sharing via the now deprecated protocol, has been removed. Services for Macintosh were removed in Windows XP from client operating systems but were available in Windows Server 2003. • is replaced by Windows Server Backup, and no longer supports backing up to. As a result of NTBackup removal, Exchange Server 2007 does not have volume snapshot backup functionality; however Exchange Server 2007 SP2 adds back an Exchange backup plug-in for Windows Server Backup which restores partial functionality. And both include this Exchange backup component. • The service has been removed from Internet Information Services 7.0.

The (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) service is not available as a server role in IIS 7.0, it is a server feature managed through IIS 6.0. • NNTP () is no longer part of Internet Information Services 7.0. • is not supported. Editions [ ] Compared to its predecessor, most editions of Windows Server 2008 are available in and versions. These editions come in two DVDs: One for installing the IA-32 variant and the other for x64. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems supports processors.

Microsoft has optimized the IA-64 version for high-workload scenarios like database servers and (LOB) applications. As such, it is not optimized for use as a. Microsoft has announced that Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server operating system. Main article: A second release, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released on October 22, 2009. Retail availability began September 14, 2009. Windows Server 2008 R2 reached the RTM milestone on July 22, 2009. Like, it is built on Windows NT 6.1.

New features include new virtualization features, new Active Directory features, IIS 7.5, and support for 256 logical processors. Support for 32-bit-only processors () has been removed. On July 22, 2009, Microsoft officially announced that they had released both Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 to manufacturing. Windows Server 2008 R2 was generally available for download from MSDN and Technet on August 19 and for retail purchase from October 22, 2009. System requirements [ ] System requirements for Windows Server 2008 are as follows: Criteria 2008 2008 R2 Minimum Recommended Minimum Recommended CPU.

• • • Microsoft.. Retrieved 2012-09-25. • Crowley, Matthew (2010). Pro Internet Explorer 8 & 9 Development: Developing Powerful Applications for the Next Generation of IE.. On XP SP3, Vista SP1+, Win2K8, Windows 7, and Win2K8R2, IE opts onto DEP/NX by default • Rist, Oliver (22 July 2009).. Windows Server Blog. Retrieved 16 August 2013.

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External links [ ] Wikiversity has learning resources about •. Leica Cm1850 Cryostat Manual.

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